Voice and Choice: Developing a sensitivity to what—and who—is not represented

Where are we coming from?

The Agency by Design framework for maker-centered learning and its accompanying practices encourage young people to pay close attention to the designed elements of the world, to deconstruct and reconstruct objects and systems, and to see themselves as participants in reimagining the world and their place within it. The designs that young people explore are not only physical. Thinking routines like Parts, Purposes, Complexities, Parts, People, Interactions and Parts, Perspectives, Me have been used by young people and their educators to look closely and critically at systems of governance and power and the various stakeholders involved in these systems. For example, educators from Agency by Design Oakland, a network established by participants in the AbD Origin Project, apply the AbD framework to support equity, look at power structures, and foster students’ critical thinking.

In collaboration with educators in the broader Agency by Design network and those participating in the Making Across the Curriculum project at Washington International School, the AbD team at Project Zero has been developing new tools and practices to support young people to take an even more critical approach toward design and making in order to both interrogate—as well as embody—design choices that challenge systems of oppression, representation, and power.

Design is not neutral

How might we support young people to develop a critical consciousness when looking at, interacting with, and participating in the designed elements of the world?

Design is not neutral. Making is not neutral. Every choice that a designer or maker makes is made in the context of a set of beliefs and ideas about the world. Design justice, a growing field in the realm of design, focuses on the ways that design perpetuates systemic oppression by looking closely at who benefits from design, who is harmed, and how the design of objects and systems might more equitably distribute design’s “benefits and burdens.” Along the lines of design justice, in pedagogic terms, are notions that creativity is not neutral and that classrooms, specifically classrooms that emphasize creativity, privilege dominant culture’s social and cultural perspectives. With forces of systemic oppression built into the very structure of design and concepts of what constitutes creativity, it is critical to support young people to recognize the importance of questioning design and how the decisions of the makers they encounter relate to and reflect representation and power.

Sensitivity to design also means a sensitivity to what is not built-in

Agency by Design defines Sensitivity to Design as "learning to notice and engage with one's physical and conceptual environment by looking closely and reflecting on the design of objects and systems, exploring the complexity of design, and finding opportunity to make objects and systems more effective, more efficient, more ethical, more beautiful, or more __________."

Perhaps just as important as inviting young people to look closely at the designed elements of the world and report what they notice is supporting them to question what they do not see and why. Cultivating a capacity and inclination to critically consume art, media, and other elements of material culture is a first, or early, step to understanding the ways that design empowers, oppresses, and often reproduces existing power structures. As young people—and all of us—engage with the inherent stories and perspectives of the elements of material culture we encounter, it is important that we are equipped with a critical lens and sensitivity to ask questions like: What information is missing? Whose voices are represented, whose are not, and why?

Voice and Choice, a protocol

Voice and Choice is a protocol for looking critically at a piece of content, considering perspectives and representation, and then redesigning or reimagining that content from one’s own perspective. “Content” might refer to a poem, work of art, historical essay, social media post, architectural structure, news article, piece of digital media, environmental plan, etc.

Learners begin by looking closely at a piece of content and then they do the following:

Consider the context: Where was the content made? When was it made? Who made it? What else was going on at this place and time?
Maker choices: What choices do you think the maker(s) made when designing this content? Why do you think they made these choices?
Voices present: Whose voices are present in this content? What perspectives are represented?
Voices missing: Whose voices are missing from this content? What perspectives are not represented? Why do you think that is?
My voice: What’s your voice? What perspectives do you bring to this content?
My choice(s): What could you do to redesign or reimagine this content to better represent your perspective(s)? Why? How might it look differently?
Interact: Share your redesign with a peer or peers. Ask them to answer the questions: Whose voices and perspectives do they see represented in this content? Whose voices and perspectives do they think are missing? Ask yourself: is there anyone else you might share your redesign with to get a different perspective?
Reflect: Now that you have received feedback, look closely at your redesign and consider whose voices and perspectives are missing from the redesigned content. If the feedback from your peer(s) is not what you intended or expected, is that okay with you? If not, how might you continue to redesign this content? Finally, and importantly, ask yourself: what do you think the maker(s) would think of your redesign?

Download the full protocol along with suggested practices for using the protocol. Download the Voice and Choice Learner Workbook, co-created by Julie Rains. Below are three snapshots from the Learner Workbook.

Voice and Choice in Action

Educators in the Making Across the Curriculum project piloted Voice and Choice during a recent professional learning community, in which they redesigned elements of their school’s campus, including a set of stairs, a historic pathway, and a rainwater collection system, to better represent their own voices and the voices of their communities.

Educator Praveen David and his colleagues in the Making Across the Curriculum Project used the Voice and Choice protocol to consider the missing voices and redesign a set of stairs to better represent their own perspectives, including the addition of an all-access ramp and a mural painted by students at the school.

Educators have also piloted Voice and Choice in different classroom contexts. From high school students creating books of French poetry and redesigning book covers to fourth-graders creating a new set of doll clothes to represent “girl power,” students and educators are using the protocol to have meaningful conversations, ask critical questions, and get creative.

After reading Paroles by Jacques Prévert, a surrealist French poet from the 1950s who writes about everyday life and denounces social injustices, students in Anne Leflot’s French literature class created their own books of poetry and redesigned the cover to represent their perspectives and what is meaningful/important to them.

In Julie Rains’ fourth-grade class, students created sculptures as a way to express their interpretation of major themes in a text. To interpret the theme of “examining gender roles,” and consider their own voices, a group of girls created a set of new doll clothes that, in their words, better represents “girl power.”

Piloting the tool, along with a series of conversations with educators Anne Leflot, Erik Lindemann, Fallon Plunkett, Julie Rains, Lisa Yokana, and Praveen David surfaced the role and importance of intentionality in the Voice and Choice protocol, which led to the development of the final two steps—Interact and Reflect.

Self-awareness and making with intention

The interact and reflect steps of the Voice and Choice protocol offer learners opportunities to share their redesigned or reimagined content and encourage them to consider multiple perspectives. These steps also prompt learners to critically reflect on their own perspectives and how their design choices relate to those perspectives. In this way, learners can develop increased self-awareness and a sensitivity to design choices. Not only do they see their own perspectives shaping their interactions with—and reactions to—design, but they also recognize themselves as participants in the design process, able to reimagine, manipulate, and construct a new or different design that better reflects their own ideas, values, and perspectives. The protocol also provides an opportunity for learners to consider and enact intentionality. By questioning their intentions and expectations of their redesign, learners are supported to hone and articulate their own voices and stances.

Where are we going?

Future tools and practices will build off of Voice and Choice and the work of existing thinking routines like Parts, Perspectives, Me and Imagine if to continue to apply critical sensitivity and active redesign to objects and systems. Following the lead of our colleagues in Oakland, as we move this work forward some essential questions to consider are: How might the Agency by Design thinking routines and practices support young people to look closely at the intersections of power, oppression and representation? How might we apply maker-centered learning to actively and critically examine systems of oppression and power, with the intentions of disrupting and dismantling them? And of course, as we investigate and develop more tools and practices, it is important to look closely at our own design processes and continue to ask: whose perspectives are represented? Whose are missing? And, most importantly, why?

A special thank you to educators Anne Leflot, Erik Lindemann, Fallon Plunkett, Lisa Yokana, and Praveen David for piloting the Voice and Choice protocol and sharing their learning with the Agency by Design team. A very special thank you to Julie Rains for all of her support thinking through the protocol and creating this Learner Workbook to accompany the new tool.