The practice of mapping allows learners to build and demonstrate their understanding of the parts, people, and interactions that comprise a given system.
這個思維習慣鼓勵學生慢下來，仔細觀察一個系統。通過這樣幫助學生更好地認知具體系統裡無論是直接相關還是不直接相關的人物。
Thi Bui teaches art and multimedia at Oakland International High School, a public high school for immigrants students’ where command of the English language is one of the last things to be taken for granted.
Agency by Design researcher Jen Ryan explores some of the central ideas from the framework at TEDxDirigo Generate.
这个思维习惯鼓励学生先练习把思想发散，为一件物品/系统思考各种新的可能性。然后再鼓励学生把新想法融合起来，决定一个有效率的方法去建立，修缮，打破物件/系统原貌，或者是重新设计一个物品/系统。
The AbD Making Moves are a set of observable or actionable “moves” that learners and educators can use to help design maker-centered learning experiences, and to support, observe, document, and assess maker-centered learning.
An easy reference handout of the Agency by Design Framework for Maker-Centered Learning.
这个思维习惯鼓励学生思考在一个特定的系统里不同人物的观点。其目标是帮助学生理解基於在系統里的不同角色，不同的人物会有不同的思考、感受以及他们关心的事情。这个思维习惯培育学生的思考观点与角度，提出问题和明确下一步的研究。
This thinking routine helps learners slow down and look closely at a system. In doing so, young people are able to situate objects within systems and recognize the various people who participate—directly or indirectly—within a particular system.